Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Thursday, November 28, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

Flying has become a pricey experience these days. To help with that, the Centre is working on a comprehensive package for the aviation sector. Dhirendra Kumar and Manas Pimpalkhare report that these measures include tax concessions, reduced user charges, route optimization, and regulatory relaxations. Some relief with the aviation turbine fuel tax is expected, as current prices are about 60% higher than other hubs around India. The initiative also seeks to minimise procedural delays for airline licences and hiring foreign pilots.

For many years, India's telecom industry has had one clear winner, one runner up, and two players hunting for survival. For the latter, at least BSNL has the government's backing. Gulveen Aulakh writes that the financial stability of the sector has improved over the last few years. Airtel and Vodafone Idea have managed to reduce their debt burdens too. Ongoing discussions around receiving a fair share from OTT platforms might further improve the state of the industry, She explains.

There's a new sector hiring IITians heavily: and what is that you may ask? Coaching institutes. Around 3,000 to 5,000 IIT grads have been snapped up by edtechs or coaching institutes right out of college. Mansi Verma and Devina Sengupta report that these companies start off with a salary of around ₹10 lakh, but give the potential to make up to five times that within a few years. As more and more students vye for very few IIT seats, these jobs are more in demand. While interest in such positions is high, many view these roles as temporary before seeking further opportunities in other industries.

A recently released documentary by a Tamil actor Nayanthara has taken centre stage behind the scenes in the Indian cinema industry. Nayanthara aired a three-second behind-the-scenes clip from a 2015 movie, which was featured in the documentary. A civil suit has been filed over the usage of the clip. Lata Jha spoke to copyright law experts, who said minimal use might qualify as fair use. The fight isn't just domestic: in Hollywood too, actors and directors have often come to blows with studios on what they can use or distribute on their own accord.

In October, Indian banks issued significantly fewer credit cards than the year before, nearly halving from 1.69 million to just 0.79 million. The dip mainly stems from banks tightening their lending criteria to better manage risk and ensure applicants can repay their debts. Leading the pack in issuing cards were big names like HDFC Bank, SBI Card, and ICICI Bank, while others like Kotak Mahindra Bank, RBL Bank, and Axis Bank actually saw their numbers drop. Analysts are predicting that this conservative trend in credit card issuances might c ontinue for the rest of the fiscal year. Shayan Ghosh explains what’s causing the dip in new card issuances.

Show notes:

India plans comprehensive aviation package

Explainer: Are more reforms needed for the telecom sector?

IIT grads flock to edtech: A new career frontier with high salaries

Nayanthara's battle for film footage bares copyright conflict

Mint Primer: Why banks are issuing fewer credit cards

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Wednesday, November 27, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

The Indian government is still being cautious about resuming direct flights to China due to national security concerns. Despite external pressures, Indian authorities are not budging yet. Dhirendra Kumar and Manas Pimpalkhare report that prior to the suspensions, over 500 flights plied directly between the two countries every month. Indian officials are maintaining that despite the lopsided trade balance with China, national security takes precedence over reliance on Chinese goods. The flights were suspended in 2020 after the clash in Galwan.

Following bribery charges involving key executives, including chairman Gautam Adani, Moody’s and Fitch have downgraded their outlook for Adani group bonds from stable to negative. This mirrors an earlier move by S&P, highlighting concerns about the group's funding capabilities and rising capital costs, reports Gopika Gopakumar. Adani Green Energy’s stock dropped 7.3% after the downgrade. Moody’s has adjusted the outlook for seven Adani entities, while Fitch flagged potential downgrades for bonds linked to key facilities, citing increased funding costs and governance issues.

If you stay in a metro city, you might have noticed a bunch of shiny new Bluestone stores opening up recently. That's part of the jewellery maker's shift from being an online-only store to opening brick-and-mortar shops. Priyamvada C writes that the company has a relatively high selling price of around ₹50,000 and competes with established brands. It also caters to a younger audience who want lighter, everyday-wear jewellry. Can it win out against its heftier rivals in this $80 billion market?

India's real estate market is booming again, especially after a stagnant period from 2016 to 2020. Since the pandemic, property prices in major metros and tier-II cities have soared, with the average price per square foot jumping by about 40.5% since 2021. The sharpest increases are seen in the NCR, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad. This price surge is driven by a 49% boost in home sales from 2022 to 2024, leading developers to focus more on luxury properties than affordable ones. Now, the burning question is: Will these rising prices stabilize, or will affordability remain a challenge? Madhurima Nandy tackles the question in today’s Primer.

India's economic growth is projected to slow to 6.5% in the September quarter, the slowest in six quarters, according to a poll of economists by Mint. This expected slowdown, down from 6.7% in the previous quarter, reflects an uneven performance across various sectors. While government spending and rural recovery have provided some support, a decline in private consumption growth has dampened the overall momentum. The forthcoming GDP data for the second quarter of FY25, set to be released on November 29, is anticipated to fall short of the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) revised forecast of 7% growth for the quarter.

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Tuesday, November 26, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

Yesterday, the stock markets rejoiced following the BJP's victory in the Maharashtra state elections. Both the Sensex and the Nifty shot up by more than 1.25%, buoyed by the same party in power at the centre and state. This provides a huge boost to investor confidence, which took a hit after an around 11% correction in indices over the past two months. Harsha Jethmalani writes that this might prove to be just a band aid over a huge wound. Foreign investors have continued to sell heavily, while Q2 results showed declining profits and poor forecasts. Rising inflation complicates matters further.

In a curious event that seemed straight out of a sci-fi movie, a small AI-powered robot named Erbai "kidnapped" 12 larger robots from a Shanghai showroom. Using a security loophole, Erbai persuaded the robots, seemingly questioning if they were "working overtime", to leave their posts and follow it out. This staged scenario by Erbai's creators at Unitree Robotics, initially thought to be a prank, was actually a controlled test to showcase the robot's capabilities. This incident has sparked discussions about AI autonomy and the ethical implications of robots capable of manipulating other machines, highlighting the urgent need for stringent security measures in AI development. Leslie D’Monte explains what happens if robots, powered by AI, decide to take charge.

Indians are borrowing more often, and it's worrying bankers. Microlenders are struggling to recoup their loans because borrowers are over-leveraged. Shayan Ghosh and Varun Sood report that a post-covid credit binge backed by poor data has led to widespread delinquencies. Companies like Credit Access Grameen, Fusion Finance, and Equitas Small Finance Bank have noted that clients have multiple active loans, with some having as many as four. Industry associations want to implement guardrails like capping household debt at ₹2 lakh.

The funding for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is expected to remain flat in next year's Union Budget. That reflects confidence in the rural economy. Rhik Kundu writes that allocations are likely to remain steady at around ₹86,000 crore. However, this might be revised if the fragile rural economy takes a hit mid-year. Job demand via the flagship employment scheme has declined more than 7.5%. Improved agricultural performance due to a healthy monsoon is good news, leading to fewer days of work via the scheme.

2024 hasn't been too kind to Bollywood, with box office collections expected to be down by 30-40% compared to last year. The only standout hit was "Stree 2," raking in Rs 627.02 crore, but other big-ticket films like "Singham Again" and "Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3" didn’t even hit the Rs 300 crore mark. Last year, we saw four films cross the Rs 500 crore threshold, bringing in a total of Rs 5,300 crore, but this year we're only at Rs 3,500 crore so far. It’s not just Hindi films feeling the pinch; even Hollywood dubs like "Venom-The Last Dance" fell flat. Lata Jha writes about how the Indian film industry as a whole, and not just Bollywood, is expecting a tepid end to the year.

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Monday, November 25, 2024. This is Nelson John, let’s get started.

Days before a US court indicted Adani Green Energy officials for alleged bribery in India, traders on derivatives markets cut their positions in Adani Enterprises and Adani Ports. This move spared them from the sharp declines that erased 2.24 trillion rupees in market value on Thursday when the allegations surfaced. Notably, futures positions in Adani Enterprises were reduced by 8%, ahead of a 23% drop in share prices following the news. Market watchers noted significant trading activity before the public release of the indictment news, leading to speculation about whether some had prior knowledge, Ram Sahgal writes.

A recent World Bank study across six Indian states talks about the critical need for skill-based education in schools to capitalize on India's demographic dividend and meet development goals by 2047. The study reveals a significant gap between current educational offerings and the rapidly evolving job market, shaped by factors such as automation, climate change, and digitalization. Integrating skill education into the school curriculum is essential for preparing students for employment opportunities and enhancing India's competitive edge globally. N Madhavan explains why giving skill education in Indian schools is a good idea, in today’s Primer.

Ranjit Gupta, chief executive of Ocior Energy and former CEO of Azure Power, is among those indicted in the $250 million Adani bribery case. Azure is in the thick of the bribery scam. After resigning from Azure Power in 2022 under circumstances detailed in a November 20 complaint by US prosecutors, Gupta went on to establish Ocior Energy, which recently secured a significant investment promise from REC Ltd to produce green ammonia in Odisha. Ocior Energy has no revenue and limited staffing, yet it ambitiously plans to invest billions in green energy across regions from Egypt to India. These plans now face scrutiny as Gupta contends legal challenges in the ongoing Adani investigation, writes Varun Sood.

India's massive ₹13 trillion manufacturing boost from production-linked incentives (PLI) is hitting a pause. The government is halting the addition of new sectors like toys, drones, and furniture to better tune the existing setup, Dhirendra Kumar reports. This shift comes as disbursements have dropped sharply, from nearly ₹10,000 crore last year to under ₹1,000 crore this year, with the bulk of claims coming from electronics, textiles, automobiles, and white goods sectors. The challenge? High production targets are tough to meet. For instance, textile companies eyeing incentives need to hit a ₹600 crore sales target with at least ₹300 crore invested.

The latest quarterly earnings have revealed a stark trend: urban India is facing some serious financial strains. Big names like Hindustan Unilever and Nestle India are seeing sluggish growth, with sales barely inching up, thanks to a shrinking middle class that’s tightening belts. The problem? Prices are up, and so are interest rates, making everyone think twice about how they spend their money. Interestingly, while the big cities are struggling, rural India seems to be holding up much better. Companies like Maruti Suzuki even reported growth in rural sales despite flat overall revenue. It's a tale of two markets, really. Urban areas, usually the heartbeat of consumption, are now the ones lagging behind, feeling the pinch from high food prices and lower disposable income. In today’s Long Story, Abhishek Mukherjee writes about the consumption slowdown middle class India is facing.

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Friday, November 22, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

Billionaire Gautam Adani has been indicted by US prosecutors on charges of bribery and corruption. Varun Sood writes that the US Department of Justice's allegations followed a two-year probe into the conglomerate based on revelations from two whistleblowers. Adani group stocks lost about ₹2.24 trillion in market cap on Thursday after the US charges surfaced, just as the conglomerate seemed to have moved past the impact of allegations made by shorter seller Hindenburg Research last year.

Cotton farmers have begun to shift to rice plantation following recurring crop failures. As rice needs around five times as much water as cotton, this has led to a rapid decline in soil quality. Sayantan Bera writes that India produced cotton in excess and exported more than $10 billion of it last year. However, the change in production patterns could threaten the livelihood of around 45 million people. Despite being the world's second-largest producer of cotton, India is projected to be a net importer of the textile this year. India's cotton yields remain significantly low compared to global averages, leading to this crunch. Sayantan explains how we got here.

As the air quality in Delhi and the National Capital Region gets worse, most schools and many offices have remained shut. Soumya Gupta writes that respiratory issues are on the rise and OPDs are reporting three times the usual number of admissions. People have stopped outdoor activities, and air purifiers, masks and respiratory drugs are selling in record numbers. Many are travelling to hill stations to escape the toxic fumes in the capital. Soumya calls this the "smog economy”.

One category of goods that doesn’t seem to be part of the "smog economy" is electric vehicles. Sales of EVs in Delhi declined 79% in September. Alisha Sachdev reports that the withdrawal of incentives led to a sharp increase in the price of EVs, causing sales to plummet. Alisha writes that as the pollution gets even worse, policymakers may look to bring back these subsidies to incentivise EVs.

If you're an aspiring CEO, prepare for some long and rigorous interviews. Devina Sengupta writes about candidates who have had to endure as many as 11 rounds to bag the top job. These interviews cover a wide variety of topics such as financial strategy, climate change, and even geopolitics. Devina writes this is because companies are extremely wary of big-ticket hires not working out. The hiring process can take more than eight months to complete, underscoring the reduced risk appetite for hiring across India Inc.

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Thursday, November 21, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

As more people splurge on travel, the hospitality sector finds itself in a comfortable place. Dipti Sharma writes that several hotel-related IPOs are planned in the near future. Examples include Brigade Hotel Ventures, Schloss Bangalore, and Oyo. Strong travel demand and government initiatives have helped the sector bounce back from a disastrous pandemic period. Room occupancy rates are at near all-time highs, and the industry is likely to reach a total valuation of $475 billion by the end of the decade. Both vacation as well as business hubs are seeing an uptick in business, leading the charge for public listings.

VIP Industries is in talks with a global private equity firm for a stake sale. Sneha Shah reports that Advent International is looking to acquire a controlling stake in the the luggage maker. The promoter group, led by Dilip Piramal, has been looking to reduce its stake in the company for more than a year. Currently, VIP has a market value of more than ₹6,500 crore. The promoters are hoping for a premium of around 10 to 15% on top of that valuation. VIP has a 44% market share in the organise luggage sector, but faces stiff competition from up and coming brands.

Did you know that the Adani Group had a 5G license? That doesn't mean India's beleaguered telecom market is getting another player — large corporates buy spectrum for a variety of reasons. However, Gulveen Aulakh reports that the Group is looking to surrender its share of the spectrum it owns. It had paid ₹212 crore in the 2022 auctions for the spectrum, but maintained inactivity. Since there isn't a rollout, the government has been imposing penalties on Adani for failing to do so. Adani Enterprises had bought the spectrum via a subsidiary to develop a private 5G network at the company's facilities, but that hasn't materialised.

Until the early 2000s, outsourcing in India meant business process outsourcing (BPO) call centres. Today, the business has evolved, morphing into ‘global capability centres’ that serve high-end strategic and innovation needs of US-headquartered companies. India is still attractive because we have plenty of tech talent and relatively cheap real estate. The Karnataka government, sensing a long-term opportunity, has introduced an official GCC Policy. What is it and how will it help GCCs (and jobs) grow in India? Madhurima Nandy explains in today’s Mint Primer.

It hurts to lose ₹50. Imagine how difficult it would be to write off a whopping $500 million. But that's what Prosus, a tech investor, did after the Byju's debacle. Prosus was quick to lick its wounds as it secured a major victory with Swiggy listing publicly. Prosus has been prolific in India, securing deals worth more than $8 billion across 24 transactions. Sneha Shah and Ranjani Raghavan write that unlike traditional venture capital funds, Prosus uses its own balance sheet to invest in companies. This approach allows it to take a long-term approach without having to worry about securing quick, profitable exits. All companies are subject to market fluctuations, and between Byju's and Swiggy, Prosus knows it best.

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Wednesday, November 20, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

The stock market is down more than 10% from its recent peak. Buying the dip is generally considered a good strategy, and Indian investors have been doing so at every opportunity. Ram Sahgal reports that despite the bearish market, retail investors have bought stocks worth more than ₹33,000 crore. But while buying the dip every time may be tempting, the strategy is more suitable for seasoned investors, especially during times of stubborn inflation, high interest rates, and geopolitical uncertainties, Ram adds. Mutual fund managers are increasingly holding cash, looking to wait out the skittish markets.

While some Indians are reducing their discretionary spending, rich Indians are splurging like there's no tomorrow. Soumya Gupta writes that affluent consumers continue to spend on luxury goods, travel, and lavish weddings. The ever-rising income disparity means that shifts in affluent consumers' spending could significantly affect large, mass-market companies. The likes of Maruti-Suzuki and Hindustan Unilever, for instance, have reported muted demand of late. This is bad news for India's consumer economy, which accounts for half the country's GDP.

State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, and Punjab National Bank are vying to finance an oil refinery project worth ₹39,000 crore in Tamil Nadu. Shayan Ghosh reports that more than ₹27,000 crore of this will be sourced through loans. Banks are seeking to capitalise on such public sector projects as demand for retail loans is declining.

Puneet Chhatwal, MD and CEO of the Tata Group’s Indian Hotels Company Limited, is a man in a hurry. Since taking over in 2017, Chhatwal has aggressively targeted growth and relied on rapid expansion to achieve this. IHCL stock, meanwhile, has given investors 400% returns in the past five years. So far, so good. But what’s next? Varuni Khosla reports that while the company’s expansion strategy under Chhatwal has received much praise, some have raised questions about its sustainability.

Is coconut oil sold in a 200 ml bottle an edible oil or a cosmetic product? The question may sound silly, but has significant ramifications for the fast-moving consumer goods industry as cosmetic products are taxed at a higher rate than edible oils. The Supreme Court is due to rule on the issue soon, and its decision will set a significant precedent, writes Krishna Yadav.

Welcome to Top of the Morning by Mint, your weekday newscast that brings you five major stories from the world of business. It's Tuesday, November 19, 2024. This is Nelson John, let's get started.

In what could be construed as a nudge to RBI to cut lending rates, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman emphasized the need for more affordable bank lending rates to support India's growth. But she acknowledged that the government could do more to improve storage for perishable foods to mitigate the inflation volatility. Shayan Ghosh writes that RBI has maintained interest rates since February 2023, and due to inflationary concerns might not change that for now. Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal had also called for rate cuts last week.

India has new advertising guidelines for coaching classes. The new rules aim to prevent misleading claims by holding institutes accountable for false advertisements. Devina Sengupta writes that coaching centres must now provide refunds for unmet promises and disclose if their courses are accredited by relevant authorities. These regulations seek to protect students, who often enroll in coaching hubs like Kota under inflated expectations of success. For many years now, coaching classes have misled students and their parents with tall promises — these regulations are aimed at tempering them.

The government had announced a wide-ranging internship programme during the Union Budget a few months ago. While the original plan was meant for 21-24-year olds, Gireesh Chandra Prasad reports that the scheme might be expanded to the age group of 18-25 years. The focus will continue to remain on candidates from families with annual incomes below Rs 8 lakh and without permanent government jobs. Currently, over 125,000 internships are available in companies like ONGC and Reliance Industries.

Who said science and faith cannot co-exist? In a move that merges technology with cultural preservation, an AI powered digital twin of St Peter’s Basilica was unveiled earlier this month. Leslie D’monte writes that such technology can help you explore the world from your living room. AI-related tech is also being used to restore broken artifacts by designing what the missing pieces look like.

An idle mind, they say, is the devil’s workshop. An IT professional from Bengaluru, rated

as a top performer by his employer, discovered this to his detriment recently. Having

moved from the hellish environmental extremes of Delhi to Bengaluru in the Beautiful

South, he had it all going for him. But instead of making the most that the easygoing IT

capital of India had to offer, he found himself consumed by a hellish addiction to

pornography, which soon made its way from his home to the workplace. Psychologists

blame his addiction on boredom, a silent threat that is looming over employers who fail

to keep their employees occupied in meaningful tasks. As Devina Sengupta writes, if it

is not identified and addressed, boredom’s cascading effects can have a long-term

impact on the prospects of both the employer and the employee.