Episodes

  • 149. The Gut Microbiome & Serotonin Synthesis | Impacts of Intestinal Dysbiosis on Serotonin Production, Impacts of Low Serotonin on Gut Motility, & More

    149. The Gut Microbiome & Serotonin Synthesis | Impacts of Intestinal Dysbiosis on Serotonin Production, Impacts of Low Serotonin on Gut Motility, & More
    Nov 1 2024
    In this episode, we explore serotonin synthesis within enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut, detailing how tryptophan is converted into serotonin through enzymatic processes. We examine the role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in modulating the synthesis of serotonin including impacting tryptophan hydroxylase activity. We explore serotonin's interactions with receptors on enteric neurons and vagal afferent fibers, analyzing how these signaling pathways influence gut motility. Finally, we uncover conditions and symptoms associated with low serotonin production and the importance of the intestinal microbiome. Topics: 1. Introduction to Gut-Produced Serotonin - Serotonin production within the gut. - Serotonin’s role beyond mood. - Synthesis, causes of low serotonin, related GI symptoms. 2. Gut Lining Structure and Cell Types - Layers of the gut lining, focusing on the mucosa. - Description of epithelial cells, including enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells. - Role of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in serotonin production. 3. Serotonin Synthesis in EC Cells - Location and function of EC cells. - How EC cells synthesize serotonin from tryptophan. 4. Biochemical Pathway of Serotonin Production - Step-by-step process: conversion of tryptophan to serotonin. - Enzymes involved, including TPH1 and AADC. - Importance of tryptophan availability in serotonin synthesis. 5. Storage and Release of Serotonin in EC Cells - Role of VMAT1 in serotonin storage within vesicles. - Controlled release. 6. Triggers for Serotonin Release - Physical triggers: mechanical stretch, pressure from food intake. - Chemical triggers: microbial metabolites, bile acids. - Receptors involved (GPCRs, TGR5) and signaling pathways. 7. Release of Serotonin into Intestinal Lining Layers - Serotonin exocytosis and interaction with nearby cells. - Release of serotonin on both luminal and basolateral sides of EC cells. - How luminal and basolateral release affects gut motility and barrier function. 8. Serotonin’s Role in Gut Motility - Interaction with 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors on enterocytes and enteric neurons. - Activation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. - Coordination with pacemaker cells for peristaltic movement. 9. Immune Function and Serotonin in the Gut - Effect on immune cells. 10. Gut-Brain Communication via Serotonin and the Vagus Nerve - Activation of vagal afferent fibers by serotonin. 11. Contributing Factors to Low Serotonin Production - Impact of dysbiosis and reduced SCFA production. - SIBO specifically. - Intestinal inflammation in general. - Imbalanced microbiota and inflammation can disrupt EC cell function. 12. Manifestations of Low Serotonin in the Gut - Effects on motility: constipation, dysmotility... - Common GI symptoms, including bloating, discomfort, and fullness. - Association with conditions like IBS. 13. Supporting Serotonin Production in the Gut - Painting a full picture and identifying root causes. - Strategies to foster a healthy gut microbiome. - Role of sunlight and tryptophan-rich foods in serotonin production. - Stool testing for microbiome imbalances. Thanks for tuning in! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
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    18 mins
  • 148. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol & The Brain | Forms of Vitamin D, Activation to 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, Mechanisms of Action / Neuroprotective Effects of Vitamin D, Cognitive Symptoms

    148. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol & The Brain | Forms of Vitamin D, Activation to 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, Mechanisms of Action / Neuroprotective Effects of Vitamin D, Cognitive Symptoms
    Oct 25 2024
    In this episode, we explore the role of Vitamin D in brain health, focusing on how its active form, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), influences cognitive function and neuroprotection. We’ll discuss the synthesis of Vitamin D, its conversion into its active form, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to exert effects on neurons and glial cells. Additionally, we will highlight how calcitriol regulates gene expression through Vitamin D Response Elements (VDREs), impacting inflammation, antioxidant defense, and neurotrophic support. Finally, we touch on the symptoms of low Vitamin D and the link to cognitive decline. Topics: 1. Introduction to Vitamin D and the Brain - Forms of Vitamin D, synthesis, conversion/activation, and its role in the brain 2. Vitamin D - Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), plant-based sources like mushrooms - Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), UVB radiation, animal-based foods - Inactive forms 3. Synthesis and Conversion of Vitamin D3 - Synthesis in the skin: 7-dehydrocholesterol converts to pre-vitamin D3 - Conversion in the liver: 25-hydroxylase converts D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) - Final activation in the kidneys: 1-alpha-hydroxylase converts calcidiol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), the active form 4. Calcitriol and the Blood-Brain Barrier - Calcitriol’s lipophilic nature, crossing the BBB - The structure and function of the blood-brain barrier - How calcitriol diffuses across the BBB and reaches brain cells 5. Calcitriol's Role in the Brain - Interaction with Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in neurons and glial cells - VDRs in key brain regions: hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia - Binding of calcitriol to VDRs, conformational change, and formation of the VDR-RXR complex 6. Gene Regulation via Vitamin D Response Elements (VDREs) - Overview of VDREs in promoter regions of genes - Role of calcitriol in activating or repressing gene transcription 7. Impact on Inflammatory Responses - VDREs in anti-inflammatory genes promote IL-10 expression - Calcitriol’s role in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-alpha 8. Neurotrophic Factors - VDREs’ role in regulating genes that promote BDNF - BDNF’s impact on neuron survival, growth, and synaptic connectivity 9. Antioxidant Enzymes - VDREs influence the expression of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) - The role of these enzymes in defending neurons from oxidative stress 10. Brain Regions & Calcitriol - Hippocampus: Learning, memory, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity - Prefrontal Cortex: Executive functions, mood regulation - Cerebellum: Motor control, cognitive processing, calcium homeostasis - Basal Ganglia: Movement regulation, protection of dopaminergic neurons - Amygdala: Emotion processing, fear, anxiety, stress response 11. Interconnection of Brain Regions - How Vitamin D’s effects on neurotransmitter regulation, anti-inflammatory action, and calcium homeostasis create a global protective effect. 12. Conclusion - Recap of calcitriol’s cellular mechanisms and neuroprotective effects - Symptoms of low Vitamin D Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
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    19 mins
  • 147. Mindfulness, Gratitude, Manifestation, Habit-Formation, & More with Ron & Carri, The Co-Founders of The Sparkle Revolution App

    147. Mindfulness, Gratitude, Manifestation, Habit-Formation, & More with Ron & Carri, The Co-Founders of The Sparkle Revolution App
    Oct 23 2024

    We are honored to be joined by Carri Norton and Ron Butterworth, the Co-Founders of the Sparkle Revolution App. Carri is an accomplished professional in software application development, with experience across various industries such as educational software, solar monitoring, energy management, and HVAC digital solutions. Starting her career as a software developer, she progressed into management and leadership roles, contributing to both startups and Fortune 500 companies. Her passion lies in creating user-centric software solutions that enhance customer experiences and make lives better. Ron’s professional career has been that of a hardware design engineer. He has had the opportunity to work on projects based in education, solar energy, agriculture, and augmented reality, to name a few. Together they were thrilled to combine their expertise with personal passions and launch Sparkle Revolution.


    Topics:

    1. Motivation to Create the App / Personal Journeys for Ron and Carri

    - Inspiration behind the app

    - Personal stories of Ron and Carri

    - Introduction to the app and its 4 "foundations"


    2. How the App’s Foundations Relate to Health

    - Overview of the 4 foundations

    - Impact of these foundations on mental, emotional, and physical health


    3. Science and Studies on Mindfulness and Gratitude

    - Research on mindfulness practices

    - Scientific evidence on the benefits of gratitude


    4. Examples of Mindfulness Exercises

    - Simple exercises for beginners

    - Techniques used to enhance daily mindfulness


    5. Manifestation and Visualization Techniques

    - How manifestation works on a psychological level

    - Rewiring the brain to embrace future opportunities


    6. Personal Examples of Manifestation in Action

    - Stories from Ron and Carri’s lives

    - Real-world outcomes from practicing manifestation


    7. Strategies for Integrating Mindfulness and Building Habits

    - Daily habits to foster mindfulness

    - Tips for sustainable habit formation


    8. Overview of the Sparkle Revolution App

    - How the app works

    - Features and functionality

    - Where to download the app


    9. Social Handles, Website, and Other Resources

    - Social media platforms

    - Official website and contact info

    - Additional tools or resources for further exploration


    To learn more and get the app, check out www.sparklerevolution.com

    Search for Sparkle Revolution on the Apple or Android stores.

    Visit them on social media @SparkleRevolutionApp

    Take advantage of an introductory offer! Use code CHLOE60 to get 60% off an annual subscription.


    Studies & Articles Mentioned:

    • Robert Emmons, Why Gratitude is Good
    • Article on National Library of Medicine about the benefits of mindfulness
    • https://sparklerevolution.com/mindfulness-and-happiness/




    --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
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    47 mins
  • 146. Neuroinflammation | How Chronic Microglial Cell Activation Can Contribute to Neurodegeneration, Factors That Activate Microglial Cells

    146. Neuroinflammation | How Chronic Microglial Cell Activation Can Contribute to Neurodegeneration, Factors That Activate Microglial Cells
    Oct 18 2024
    In this episode, we dive into the role of microglial cells, the brain’s resident immune defenders, and how their chronic activation at the cellular level contributes to neurodegeneration. We'll explore the cellular mechanisms behind microglial activation, including the involvement of P2Y12 receptors and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, we'll discuss how everyday environmental toxins and stressors can trigger long-term microglial activity, potentially increasing the risk of conditions like Alzheimer's. Topics: 1. Introduction - Overview: Microglia and neurodegeneration. - Environmental toxins affecting microglia. 2. Brain and Microglial Overview - Brain has neurons and glial cells. - Microglia are the brain's immune cells. - Roles: Immune defense, synaptic pruning, neuroprotection. 3. Microglial Immune Function - Constantly monitor for infection and damage. - Activated microglia perform phagocytosis. - Clear debris and maintain brain health. 4. Cellular Mechanisms of Activation - P2Y12 receptors respond to ATP/ADP. - Microglia shift from resting to activated. - Activated microglia are highly phagocytic. 5. Role in Synaptic Pruning - Microglia help in synaptic pruning. - Remove weak synapses for efficient brain circuits. 6. Microglia in Neurodegeneration - Chronic activation leads to inflammation. - Release of cytokines like IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6. - Contributes to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. - MHC molecules 7. Environmental Toxins and Activation - Mycotoxins cross BBB and activate microglia - Heavy metals like lead, aluminum affect neurons - Pesticides/herbicides linked to Parkinson’s risk 8. Other Factors Activating Microglia - Industrial chemicals, BPA - Artificial additives, alcohol - Chronic stress 9. Conclusion - Recap: Microglial functions and overactivation. - Lifestyle factors influence microglial health. Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. 2. Check out the TruAge ⁠Biological Age Test⁠ from ⁠TruMe Labs⁠. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
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    18 mins
  • 145. The Role of Secretory IgA in Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Protecting the Intestinal Lining | sIgA Testing & Causes of Low Levels

    145. The Role of Secretory IgA in Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Protecting the Intestinal Lining | sIgA Testing & Causes of Low Levels
    Oct 11 2024
    In this episode, we explore the critical role of Secretory IgA (sIgA) in maintaining intestinal health. We discuss how sIgA acts as a frontline immune defense, preventing pathogens from adhering to the gut epithelium and aiding in controlling microbial populations. Additionally, we dive into the implications of low and high sIgA levels - as indicated in a stool test, how sIgA levels relate to dysbiosis and Candida overgrowth, addressing underlying root causes, and tools for supporting healthy sIgA levels. Topics: 1. Introduction to Secretory IgA and its Functions - Overview of sIgA's role in mucosal immunity - Importance of sIgA in maintaining the gut's lining integrity - How sIgA regulates pathogenic microbes in the gut 2. Structure of the Gut Lining and Mucosal Layers - The intestinal lumen and the protective mucus layer - Layers of the intestinal wall: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa - The epithelium within the mucosa: epithelial cells including goblet cells 3. The Mucus Layer and Its Protective Function - Composition of the mucus layer: mucins and other components - How the mucus acts as both a physical and biochemical barrier - Differences between the mucus layer in the small and large intestines 4. Secretory IgA: Location and Role in the Gut - Where sIgA is found in the mucus layer - Differences in sIgA concentration in the small vs. large intestine - Interaction between sIgA and mucins to trap pathogens 5. Production and Secretion of Secretory IgA - Plasma cells in the lamina propria and their role in sIgA production - Transport of sIgA across the gut epithelium via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) - Secretory component (SC) and its role in protecting sIgA from degradation 6. Immune Functions of sIgA in the Gut - Binding and neutralizing pathogens - The process of immune exclusion - The role of sIgA in preventing pathogen adherence to epithelial cells 7. Low and High sIgA Levels and Gut Conditions - What low and high sIgA levels can indicate in a stool test - Gut conditions associated with abnormal sIgA levels (e.g., dysbiosis, Candida overgrowth, infections) - The impact of chronic stress and prolonged infections on sIgA levels 8. Root Causes for Low sIgA Levels - Addressing root causes and underlying infections - Lifestyle factors that support healthy sIgA levels - Nutrients such as Vitamin A and Zinc for supporting sIgA production 9. Probiotics & More to Support sIgA - Probiotics, prebiotics, and phages that enhance sIgA production - Individual gut health needs Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. 2. Check out the TruAge Biological Age Test from TruMe Labs. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
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    20 mins
  • 144. The Roles of the Vagus Nerve and Enteric Nervous System in Digestion and Intestinal Motility | Links to Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

    144. The Roles of the Vagus Nerve and Enteric Nervous System in Digestion and Intestinal Motility | Links to Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
    Oct 4 2024

    In this episode, we explore the critical roles of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the vagus nerve in digestion and gut motility. We also examine how autonomic nervous system dysfunction can contribute to conditions such as Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO).

    Topics:

    1. Introduction to the Nervous System and Its Role in Digestion

    - Overview of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and vagus nerve

    - Focus on location, function, and associated dysfunctions


    2. Overview of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

    - ENS as one of the three divisions (Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Enteric)

    - Location and function overview


    3. The Mucosa

    - Structure and Function of the Mucosa

    - Epithelium (cells such as enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells)

    - Lamina propria (loose connective tissue, immune cells)

    - Smooth muscle layer


    4. The Submucosa

    - Structure and Function of the Submucosa

    - Thicker connective tissue providing support for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves


    5. The Submucosal Plexus (Part of the ENS)

    - Location and Functions of the Submucosal Plexus

    - Regulation of digestive enzyme secretion, mucin production, and electrolyte balance

    - Role in creating protective mucus barriers and controlling local blood flow


    6. Mucus Secretion and Protection

    - Role of Goblet Cells

    - Secretion of mucins and formation of the protective mucus layer


    7. Blood Flow Regulation by the Submucosal Plexus

    - Role in adjusting blood supply during digestion


    8. Neuronal Cells of the Submucosal Plexus

    - Sensory Neurons: Detecting changes in the gut

    - Interneurons: Processing and integrating sensory input

    - Secretomotor Neurons


    9. Communication Between Neurons and Epithelial Cells

    - Chemical Signaling and Neurotransmitters

    - ACh and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

    - Serotonin's role in activating sensory neurons and regulating secretion


    10. Role of the Vagus Nerve in Digestive Regulation

    - Vagus Nerve as Part of the ANS

    - Regulation of digestive secretions, gut motility, and smooth muscle contractions


    11. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

    - Connection Between Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction and SIBO

    - Reduced motility leading to bacterial overgrowth

    - Impact on gut environment

    - Root cause approach


    Thanks for tuning in!

    Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠"

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    19 mins
  • 143. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Supporting the Vagus Nerve, & Powerful Supplementation with Dr. Diana Driscoll

    143. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Supporting the Vagus Nerve, & Powerful Supplementation with Dr. Diana Driscoll
    Oct 2 2024

    We are honored to be joined by Dr. Diana Driscoll. An authority on the autonomic nervous system, Dr. Diana Driscoll, Optometrist, FAAO, is a world-renowned expert on POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome), and other “invisible” illnesses. As an author, speaker, inventor, and devoted researcher with five patents to date, she continues to push forward with dramatic shifts in the evaluation and treatment of these conditions. Dr. Driscoll's personal battle with POTS inspired a decade of self-funded groundbreaking research and innovative treatment. Now an authority on POTS, IIH, ME/CFS, the vagus nerve, dry eye disease, neurological gastroparesis, and brain health, she offers the compassion of a former patient, as well as strong science.


    Topics:

    1. Introduction and Personal Journey

    - Discussion of Dr. Diana Driscoll's personal battle with POTS and how it led to her groundbreaking research.


    2. Overview of POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome)

    - Diagnostic criteria and common symptoms.

    - How POTS develops.

    - The body systems affected by POTS and how they are impacted.


    3. Inflammatory POTS

    - Definition and introduction to "Inflammatory POTS"


    4. Nervous System and the Vagus Nerve, Specifically

    - Further exploration of the role of the nervous system in POTS.

    - The impact of the vagus nerve on various body functions, including digestion and bowel movements.

    - Understanding chronic dry eyes.


    5. Supplementation and Solutions

    - TJ Nutrition resources and supplements.

    - Parasym Plus™ to support the vagus nerve and acetylcholine functions.

    - Beta Balance™ NAC MAX™


    Check out TJ Nutrition and Dr. Diana Driscoll's supplements here and use code PORTER10 to get 10% off.



    Thanks for tuning in!

    Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠"

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    59 mins
  • 142. Neuroinflammation & Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides | Addressing Intestinal Dysbiosis, Intestinal Hyperpermeability, & Cognitive Function | Supporting the Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis

    142. Neuroinflammation & Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides | Addressing Intestinal Dysbiosis, Intestinal Hyperpermeability, & Cognitive Function | Supporting the Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis
    Sep 27 2024
    In today's episode, we dive into the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, with a particular focus on how gut-derived endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), perturb the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and propagate neuroinflammatory cascades. In more detail, we’ll discuss how intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability can allow endotoxins such as LPS to enter systemic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they activate microglia via the TLR4 signaling pathway. We will explore symptoms including brain fog, memory impairment, mood disturbances, decreased concentration, and cognitive fatigue; as well as tools to support the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Topics: 1. Introduction to Neuroinflammation - Definition and general overview - Key brain cells: neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells - Chronic neuroinflammation and microglial cells 2. Cellular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation - Role of microglia in detecting damage or infection - Microglial activation through PRRs/TLRs - Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) - Impact on neurons and synaptic plasticity: memory and learning 3. Astrocytes in Neuroinflammation - Astrocytes' contribution to the inflammatory response 4. Chronic Neuroinflammation and Brain Health - Prolonged activation: oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic function - Impairment of synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline - Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death cascades - Compromised blood-brain barrier integrity 5. Contributing Factors to Neuroinflammation - Environmental toxins and pollutants, viral or bacterial infections, chronic sleep deprivation, and more 6. Intestinal Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation - Role of Gram-negative bacteria and LPS (lipopolysaccharides) - Increased intestinal permeability and passage of LPS - LPS transport: transcellular and paracellular pathways - Impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) 7. LPS Activation of Microglia - LPS binding to TLR4 on immune cells - Microglial activation and cytokine release - Cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative processes 8. Intestinal Hyperpermeability - Bioindividual approaches: prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, bacteriophages - Support for intestinal mucus secretions and sources of mucilage - Butyrate - Glutamine 9. Beneficial Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Brain Health - Types of metabolites: SCFAs, tryptophan metabolites, polyphenol metabolites - Role of butyrate in crossing the BBB and modulating brain function - Influence on gene expression and synaptic plasticity - Contribution to gut barrier integrity and protection against endotoxins 10. Conclusion - Recap of neuroinflammation's impact on cognitive function + symptoms Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
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    21 mins