What has eight legs and might have just had a husband for dinner? Most likely a spider.

Often confused with insects, spiders have long been the subject of myths and stereotypes in literature, movies, and pop culture. Hollywood often depicts them as big, hairy, and dangerous monsters with ravenous appetites. However, this portrayal overlooks the critical role spiders play in the world’s ecosystems, explains biologist Divya Uma from Azim Premji University in conversation with Richa Govil in this episode of Story Of…

Spiders are far from the villains they are often made out to be. In reality, they are a crucial component of the food web. Their presence helps maintain ecological balance, and without them, Earth's ecosystem would face dire consequences. Among the thousands of spider species, some stand out for their size, venom, and unique behaviours.

Cultural perceptions of spiders vary widely. While Western media often portrays them as menacing creatures, in some parts of India, spiders have their place in religious and cultural traditions. In Kerala’s Pathanamthitta district, the Kodumon Chilanthiyambalam temple is dedicated to spiders, and people visit it in hopes of being cured of spider bites.

Interestingly, some spiders, like the Signature Spider, are believed to create cryptic patterns on their webs that resemble writing. These patterns might serve as a warning to birds, deterring them from flying into and damaging the webs.

Composed mainly of protein, spider silk is a highly versatile product. It can be of various kinds depending on the function it needs to perform, from sticky silk for trapping prey, soft silk for wrapping egg sacs, strong silk for building the structural elements of the web like arches and scaffolds, and so on. The silk produced by spiders, despite their lightness, has other properties like high tensile strength, ductility, and stability at high temperatures, which makes it a material that arouses the interest of architects, and structural engineers. Some scientists believe that spider silk, if it can be successfully synthesised in laboratories, could well be the fibre of the future.

Beyond their fascinating behaviours and cultural significance, spiders are indispensable for their role in biological pest control. Their extinction would lead to a cascade of ecological problems, including a surge in insect-borne diseases and crop failures due to uncontrolled pest populations.

In a world where spiders are often misunderstood, it's crucial to recognise their importance and the delicate balance they help maintain in nature. Without them, the world as we know it would be a much darker place.

Credits:

Akshay Ramuhalli, Bijoy Venugopal, Bruce Lee Mani, Narayan Krishnaswamy, Prashant Vasudevan, Sananda Dasgupta, Seema Seth, Shraddha Gautam, Supriya Joshi, and Velu Shankar

Head over to our website to find resources for further reading and exploration, and to solve a fun crossword puzzle: y.edu.in/story-of-the-unfamiliar-stories-behind-familiar-objects/burp-guess-who-had-a-husband-for-dinner