Joan of Arc, or Jeanne d’Arc, remains a historical figure of immense influence, epitomizing divine inspiration and fearless leadership. Born in 1412 in Domrémy, France, to a devout and modest family, Joan grew up amid the chaos of the Hundred Years’ War. Witnessing her homeland’s devastation ignited her unwavering loyalty to France and a deep sense of divine purpose.

At the age of 13, Joan began experiencing vivid visions and voices, which she identified as St. Michael the Archangel, St. Catherine of Alexandria, and St. Margaret of Antioch. These celestial figures instructed her to lead France to victory over the English and ensure the coronation of Charles VII. Her visions grew urgent, compelling her to act despite her youth and societal limitations. With remarkable conviction, she persuaded Robert de Baudricourt to send her to the Dauphin, Charles VII.

Joan’s arrival at Charles VII’s court in 1429 marked the beginning of her transformation into a national symbol. After a rigorous theological examination confirmed her sincerity, Charles granted her armor and command of troops. Her role as a divinely inspired leader reinvigorated French morale. She led a decisive victory at the Siege of Orléans, earning the title Maid of Orléans. Following this triumph, she spearheaded campaigns to reclaim French territories, culminating in Charles VII’s coronation at Reims Cathedral in July 1429, fulfilling her divine mandate.

Despite her military successes, political rivalries and skepticism within Charles’s court diminished Joan’s influence. In May 1430, she was captured during the defense of Compiègne by Burgundian forces and sold to the English. Her imprisonment and subsequent trial in Rouen, overseen by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, sought to undermine Charles VII’s legitimacy. Joan faced 70 charges, later reduced to 12, including heresy and cross-dressing, a symbol of her defiance of societal norms.

The trial was deeply biased, yet Joan’s eloquent defenses displayed her theological insight and courage. Threatened with execution, she momentarily signed an abjuration but quickly recanted, reaffirming her faith and visions. On May 30, 1431, Joan was burned at the stake in Rouen. Witnesses attested to her composure and piety, and her ashes were scattered in the Seine to prevent veneration.

In 1456, Charles VII initiated a retrial that exonerated Joan, affirming her innocence and martyrdom. Centuries later, in 1920, she was canonized by the Catholic Church, symbolizing her enduring significance as a saint and national heroine.

Joan of Arc’s legacy transcends her time. Her steadfast faith, military prowess, and ultimate sacrifice altered French history and inspired generations, affirming the transformative power of conviction and courage.