This week Stefania tells Laura the story of HIDE HYODO SHIMIZU: a Japanese-Canadian who became a leader within and outside of her community. She was a gifted teacher, educator, activist and an advocate for Japanese-Canadian rights and enfranchisement. She is most known for dedicating herself to the academic development of Japanese Canadians during World War II when she established and operated schools for Japanese-Canadian children in internment camps. Shimizu was later awarded the Order of Canada for her work in shaping Canada’s history. Born: May 11, 1908, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Died, August 22, 1999, Nepean, Ontario.

1. The Canadian Encyclopedia: Hide Hyodo Shimizu 

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hide-hyodo-shimizu

1. Wikipedia: Hide Hyodo Shimizu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide_Hyodo_Shimizu

1. Greater Toronto Chapter of the NAJC Hide Shimizu (née Hyodo) Memorial Scholarship

http://www.torontonajc.ca/2014/02/16/hide-shimizu-memorial-scholarship/

1. Community Stories: Hide Hyodo Shimizu, By Audrey Matheson

https://www.communitystories.ca/v1/CM_V2_Apps/ui/remWindow.php?remID=72508&remP=/sgc-cms/histoires_de_chez_nous-community_memories/hdcn-cm/ADSW/0001/text/&remEx=School+Yard+Memories&lg=English

1. Japanese Canadian Internment, Second World War

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QILO0XT-0eo

1. The Pre-World War II Years

https://japanesecanadianhistory.net/historical-overview/reference-timeline/

1. War Measures Act

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/war-measures-act

1. Japanese Canadian Internment: Prisoners in their own Country

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/japanese-internment-banished-and-beyond-tears-feature

1. Dominion Elections Act

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Elections_Act

1. HIDE HYODO SHIMIZU: THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION

http://nikkeivoice.ca/hide-hyodo-shimizu-the-right-to-education/

In this weeks episode, Laura tells Stefania the story of Junko Tabei (田部井 淳子,  a Japanese mountaineer, an author, and a teacher. She was the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest and the first woman to ascend the Seven Summits, climbing the highest peak on every continent.

Born Junko Ishibashi; 22 September 1939 Fukushima, Japan. Died 20 October 2016, Kawagoe, Japan

Sources

Junko Tabei - Wikipedia

Biography – Junko Tabei, Climber - The Heroine Collective

This week, Stefania tells Laura the story of: ORONHYATEKHA -meaning "Burning Sky" or "Burning Cloud" - was also known as Peter Martin. Coming from the Mohawk and Six Nations peoples, he became the second Indigenous man to become a doctor in Canada. He was an award-winning rifleman, an influential political force, an outspoken champion of the rights of women, children, and minorities and an accomplished businessman, driven by the laws and teachings of his people and the Victorian era. His unwavering belief in the pursuit of security, justice, and equality for all were pillars in his life and work as the CEO of a multinational financial institution. In some circles, Dr. O has achieved legendary status for his remarkable success at a time when racism and pressure for First Nations peoples to assimilate were commonplace. Born: August 10, 1841, Six Nations; Died: March 3, 1907, Savannah, Georgia, U.S.

Episode Sources

1. Hamilton, Michelle A.. "Oronhyatekha".  The Canadian Encyclopedia, 11 November 2020, Historica Canada. 
2. Bowen, Leah Simone, Johnson, Falen: Hosts. Season 2, Episode 16: “Shout Out to Dr. O”. The Secret Life of Canada. CBC Podcasts. 
3. Oronhyatekha. Wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oronhyatekha
4. CBC Podcasts. “Meet Oronhyatekha, the Mohawk doctor who made history.” CBC.ca.  
5. Canada’s History: Dr. Oronhyatkeha 
6. Cabbagetown People: The Social History of a Canadian Inner City Neighbourhood. Oronhyatekha, M.D. 1841-1907
7. McCleod, Susanna. Dr. Oronhyatekha Held On to Traditions. The Kingston Whig Standard. Feb. 25, 2020

Neil Alden Armstrong was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer, and the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. He was the commander of Apollo 11 spaceflight, the first manned lunar landing mission, alongside Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. As he set foot on the moon, he declared, “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”. Neil Armstrong is often described as a reluctant hero, who was very protective of his privacy.

Born August 5, 1930 Wapakoneta, Ohio, Died August 25, 2012, Cincinnati, OH

Sources:

Cincinnati the Enquirer:  He changed the course of human history. And his life began and ended here, in Ohio

Britannica: Neil Armstrong biography

Time: Lots of People Have Theories About Neil Armstrong's 'One Small Step for Man' Quote. Here's What We Really Know  

The Globe and Mail: How Neil Armstrong landed in BC (article by TOM HAWTHORN)

NASA website:

• 50 Years Ago: Apollo 11 Astronauts Return from Around the World Goodwill Tour
• Neil Armstrong Obituary
• Neil Armstrong biography

NYT: ‘Would Dad Approve?’ Neil Armstrong’s Heirs Divide Over a Lucrative Legacy

NYT: Neil Armstrong dies. First Man on Moon

Northern Kentucky Tribune: Our rich history – Reluctant hero

Cincinnati The Enquirer: https://www.cincinnati.com/story/tvandmediablog/2014/12/02/neil-armstrong-apollo-11-buzz-aldrin-nasa-university-of-cincinnati/19778333/

Reuters: Armstrong’s speech not so improvised

University of Cincinnati Magazine: Former UC professor a 'reluctant American hero'

The Baltimore Sun: Neil Armstrong, Reluctant Hero  

CNN: Fast Facts

Neil Armstrong.com https://www.neilarmstrong.com/biography/

Biography.com https://www.biography.com/astronaut/neil-armstrong

NYT: Wrongful Death Settlement Neil Armstrong

Washington Post: First Man Shows Neil Armstrong Mourning His Daughter, did that really happen?

Troy Library: Letters to the children of Troy

https://www.uso.org/stories/1908-military-heroes-and-legends-of-aerospace-neil-armstrong

Atlas Obscura: Neil Armstrong and Sir Edmund Hillary took a trip to the North Pole.

Stefania tells Laura the story of ARETHA FRANKLIN who is fondly remembered as The Queen of Soul. A child prodigy who was capable of outplaying adults at a young age, one of her greatest hits, “RESPECT” became the anthem for the civil rights’ and women’s movements in the 1960s. She was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, actress, civil rights activist, and producer. Franklin is one of the best-selling music artists in history, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide. And was the 1st woman to have 100 songs on Billboard’s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop. She once defined her singing as “me with my hand outstretched, hoping someone will take it.” Born: March 25, 1942 in Memphis, Tennessee; Died: August 16, 2018, Detroit, Michigan. USA.

Episode Sources:

1. Aretha Franklin. Wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin

2. Gilmore, Mikal. “The Queen Aretha Franklin 1942-2018.” Rolling Stone, Sept. 27, 2018. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/aretha-franklin-tribute-cover-story-queen-729053/

3. “Aretha Franklin on Adele, Taylor Swift and Divas”. Wall Street Journal, Nov. 10, 2014.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnz2d8kVFU0

4. “Wendy Wiliams’ March 3, 2011 Interview with Aretha Franklin”. The Wendy Williams Show, Aug. 17, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2n4Fc6fLHxM

5. Aretha Franklin - Queen of Soul, Documentary #1, #2, #3. Silvano Mazzella, Uploaded Sept. 11, 2015.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKfkvbOP1sc 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpo0RG4zGNo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcw_yFefBnM

6. “Remembering the moment Keith Richards inducted Aretha Franklin into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame”. Far Out Magazine, Far Out Staff. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/keith-richards-inducts-aretha-franklin-rock-hall-1987/

Laura tells Stefania the story of SIMON TSEKO NKOLI, a charismatic activist who fought against all forms of stigma and inequality in South Africa. He was involved in anti-apartheid and gay liberation movements and he also had a key-role in AIDS prevention. He organized the first pride celebrations of South Africa, and he has been called the “Gay Mandela” for his instrumental role against racial and sexual orientation discrimination. He united black and white gay communities, demonstrating how these two struggles shared a common ground in the fight for equality. The best place to see Simon’s legacy is in the vibrant black gay subculture in South Africa’s townships. Born: November 26, 1957, Soweto, South Africa; Died: November 30, 1998, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Episode Sources:

14 things you should know about Simon Nkoli Luiz DeBarros, 2018

Remembering Simon Nkoli 20 Years On Queerlife South Africa's leading LGBTI destination

Simon Nkoli

Nkoli, Tseko Simon (1957-1998) glbtq, inc., 2005

Bev and Simon: A South African “love story” Radio Netherlands, 2004

Simon and I Beverly Ditsie, Nicky Newman (2002)

Inseparable Struggles Sunday Times (Johannesburg), 2003

Nkoli, Simon

Till the time of Trial The prison letters of Simon Nkoli GALA: Gay and Lesbian

Archiving an Icon: GALA’s Simon Nkoli Collection

Stefania tells Laura the story of WALDEMAR HAFFKINE: a Ukrainian-born bacteriologist who developed an anti-cholera vaccine in 1892 at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. From the results of field trials in India from 1893 to 1896, he has been credited as having carried out the first effective prophylactic vaccination for a bacterial disease in man. When the plague pandemic reached Bombay, Haffkine became bacteriologist to the Government of (British) India. "He inspired so many scientists to take up vaccine research in the early 20th Century, but somehow his contributions were forgotten”. Born: March 15, 1860, Odessa, Ukraine; Died: October 26, 1930, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Episode Sources:

1. Hawgood, Barbara J. “Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860-1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India”. Journal of Medical Biography. Feb. 2007, Volume 15. https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/wp-data/uploads/2014/05/Haffkine-1896-Publication.pdf
2. Gunter, Joel and Pandey, Vikas. “Waldemar Haffkine: The vaccine pioneer the world forgot”, BBC News, Dec. 11, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55050012
3. Watson, Stephanie. “Cholera Epidemics: Five Pandemics in the Nineteenth Century”. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cholera-epidemics-five-pandemics-nineteenth-century
4. Website for the Haffkine Institute for Training, Research & Testing. Info page about Dr. Waldemar Haffkine. http://www.haffkineinstitute.org/waldemar.htm
5. Waldemar Haffkine. Wikipedia.org. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldemar_Haffkine
6. Blumgart, Jake. “Should We Retire the Word ‘Slum’?”. Bloomberg, Oct. 10, 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-10/the-case-for-retiring-the-word-slum

Laura tells Stefania the story of FRIDA KAHLO: a Mexican-born artist who is best known for her bold and passionate self-portraits, and uncompromising works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. She is also famous for her political activism, her unique style, and her tumultuous personal life with husband Diego Rivera, including a string of extramarital affairs. She is a recognized figure in art history, and an icon for many, including Chicano art, the feminism movement, and the LGBTQ+ movement. Born: July 6, 1907, Coyoacán, Mexico; Died: July 13, 1954, Coyoacán, Mexico. 

Episode Sources:

Frida Kahlo’s Life on PBS.

Smithsonian Magazine: The Real Frida Kahlo

Smithsonian Magazine: Frida Kahlo

Vanity Fair: Diary of a Mad Artist

Wikipedia article: Frida Kahlo

The New York Times: Frida Kahlo is having a moment

The New York Times: Frida Kahlo in ‘Gringolandia’

The New York Times: The Real Story behind Frida Kahlo’s style

The New York Times Opinion: Harvey Weinstein is My Monster Too.

The New York Times: Frida Kahlo’s obituary

Teen Vogue: Frida Kahlo: Radical Artist, Political Activist, Icon

CBS: Frida Kahlo Biography, Medical Mystery, Controversial Death

MoMA: Frida Kahlo

CNN: How Frida Kahlo’s fashions brought Mexican politics to the world stage

Time: 100 Women of the Year – Frida Kahlo

The Washington Post: You might Think you know Frida Kahlo but you’ll never understand her pain.

The Huffington Post Canada: Frida’s Unibrow Was a Statement, Not a Gimmick

“FRIDA KAHLO: HER PHOTOS" IN CANADA

Frida Kahlo's father wasn't Jewish after all - The Jerusalem Post (jpost.com)