West Nile Virus (WNV) is one of the major leading causes of mosquito-borne disease. WNV is most commonly spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Cases of WNV occur during mosquito season, which starts in the summer and continues through fall. There are no vaccines to prevent or medications to treat WNV in people. Fortunately, most people infected with WNV do not feel sick. About 1 in 5 people who are infected develop a fever and other symptoms. About 1 out of 150 infected people develop a serious, sometimes fatal, illness.

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Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), has taken something of a back seat to Ebola among emerging diseases. MERS-CoV is one of six known human coronaviruses that cause respiratory disease in humans with a mortality rate >35%. It is the first highly pathogenic human coronavirus to emerge since the global scare caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003.

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The BK virus, also known as BK polyomavirus or Human polyomavirus 1, is an etiologic agent belonging to the genus of Betapolyomavirus and the family of Polyomaviridae. BK virus was first described in 1971 for isolation from the urine of renal transplant recipients with ureteric stenosis, and later was identified as one cause of nephropathy and renal transplantation failure.

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