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The chapter covers vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic used for treating serious infections like MRSA. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Vancomycin is typically administered via IV for systemic infections and orally for C-diff. Key concerns include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and "red man syndrome," which occurs with rapid infusion. Monitoring of renal function and trough levels is crucial.

1. What is vancomycin primarily used to treat?
   a) Viral infections
   b) MRSA
   c) Fungal infections
   d) Diabetes
2. How does vancomycin work?
   a) Disrupts protein synthesis
   b) Inhibits cell wall synthesis
   c) Increases glucose uptake
   d) Enhances DNA replication
3. What condition can occur if vancomycin is infused too quickly?
   a) Hair loss
   b) Red man syndrome
   c) Weight gain
   d) Increased appetite
4. How is vancomycin administered for systemic infections?
   a) Orally
   b) Topically
   c) Intravenously
   d) Subcutaneously
5. Which function should be closely monitored during vancomycin therapy?
   a) Cardiac function
   b) Renal function
   c) Respiratory function
   d) Blood glucose levels

1. b) MRSA
2. b) Inhibits cell wall synthesis
3. b) Red man syndrome
4. c) Intravenously
5. b) Renal function

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Chapter 3.19 discusses antitubercular medications used to treat tuberculosis (TB), which primarily affects the lungs. These drugs work by inhibiting mycobacterial growth or disrupting RNA synthesis, requiring long-term treatment (6 months to 2 years). Key considerations include monitoring liver function, avoiding alcohol, and ensuring patient adherence to therapy. Common medications include isoniazid and rifampin.

1. How do antitubercular medications primarily work?
   a) Inhibiting protein synthesis
   b) Inhibiting mycobacterial growth
   c) Enhancing DNA replication
   d) Blocking cell wall formation
2. How long does antitubercular therapy usually last?
   a) 1 month
   b) 3 months
   c) 6 months to 2 years
   d) 1 week
3. Which organ's function should be closely monitored during antitubercular therapy?
   a) Heart
   b) Liver
   c) Kidney
   d) Lungs
4. Which substance should patients avoid during antitubercular treatment?
   a) Caffeine
   b) Alcohol
   c) Dairy
   d) Citrus fruits
5. What is a commonly used antitubercular medication?
   a) Penicillin
   b) Isoniazid
   c) Acyclovir
   d) Metronidazole

1. b) Inhibiting mycobacterial growth
2. c) 6 months to 2 years
3. b) Liver
4. b) Alcohol
5. b) Isoniazid

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Chapter 3.18 covers antihelmintics, medications used to treat parasitic worm infections such as roundworms and flatworms. These drugs work by preventing glucose uptake or blocking neuronal transmission, leading to parasite paralysis and death. Prolonged use may cause liver damage and bone marrow suppression. Patient education should include proper hygiene practices to prevent reinfection.

1. What is the primary use of anthelmintic medications?
   a) Treat bacterial infections
   b) Treat worm infections
   c) Treat fungal infections
   d) Treat viral infections
2. How do many anthelmintics work?
   a) Enhance protein synthesis
   b) Prevent glucose uptake
   c) Promote cell division
   d) Inhibit RNA synthesis
3. Which side effect is associated with prolonged anthelmintic therapy?
   a) Hair growth
   b) Bone marrow suppression
   c) Increased appetite
   d) Weight gain
4. Which practice helps prevent reinfection with worms?
   a) Eating more fiber
   b) Rigorous handwashing
   c) Drinking milk
   d) Using antacids
5. What type of organism do anthelmintics target?
   a) Bacteria
   b) Viruses
   c) Helminths
   d) Fungi

1. b) Treat worm infections
2. b) Prevent glucose uptake
3. b) Bone marrow suppression
4. b) Rigorous handwashing
5. c) Helminths